Unpacking Psoriasis: Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Treatment Options

Author: The Dermatology Specialists

psoriasis treatment and causes

According to the American Academy of Dermatology, psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting more than 7.5 million people in the United States alone. Characterized by thick, scaly patches on the skin, psoriasis can be physically uncomfortable and emotionally distressing. If you’re seeking expert care and long-term relief, understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and exploring effective treatment options is crucial. This comprehensive guide will delve into everything you need to know about psoriasis and how The Dermatology Specialists can help you manage this complex skin condition.

What Is Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells. This leads to an accelerated growth cycle of skin cells, causing raised, red, scaly patches—commonly on the elbows, knees, lower back, and scalp. While psoriasis is not contagious, it can greatly affect a person’s self-esteem and overall quality of life.

At The Dermatology Specialists, our board-certified dermatologists specialize in diagnosing and treating psoriasis, customizing care plans for patients across our numerous locations in New York City, Long Island, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.

Causes of Psoriasis

While the exact cause of psoriasis is not fully understood, several factors contribute to its development:

  1. Genetics: Individuals with a family history of psoriasis are more likely to develop the condition.
  2. Immune System Dysfunction: Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition where the immune system triggers rapid skin cell production.
  3. Environmental Triggers: Stress, infections, certain medications, and injuries to the skin can exacerbate or trigger psoriasis flare-ups.
  4. Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, heavy alcohol use, and obesity can worsen symptoms or increase the risk of psoriasis.

[Source: National Psoriasis Foundation]

Symptoms and Types of Psoriasis

Common Symptoms

  • Red, inflamed patches of skin covered with silvery scales.
  • Itching, burning, or soreness in affected areas.
  • Dry, cracked skin that may bleed.
  • Thickened, ridged, or pitted nails (nail psoriasis).
  • Swollen, stiff joints (psoriatic arthritis).

Types of Psoriasis

  1. Plaque Psoriasis (Psoriasis Vulgaris): The most common form, characterized by raised, red patches covered with a silvery-white buildup of dead skin cells.
  2. Guttate Psoriasis: Small, dot-like lesions, often triggered by a streptococcal infection.
  3. Inverse Psoriasis: Red lesions in skin folds, such as the armpits, groin, and under the breasts; often worsened by friction and sweating.
  4. Pustular Psoriasis: White pustules surrounded by red skin, usually occurring on the hands or feet.
  5. Erythrodermic Psoriasis: A rare but severe form, causing widespread redness and shedding of skin over large portions of the body.

[Source: Mayo Clinic]

Effective Psoriasis Treatment Options

At The Dermatology Specialists, we offer a range of psoriasis treatments tailored to your specific needs and lifestyle. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, slow down the overproduction of skin cells, and address triggers.

Topical Treatments

  1. Topical Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation and itching.
  2. Vitamin D Analogues (e.g., Calcipotriene): Help normalize skin cell production.
  3. Topical Retinoids: Promote healthy skin turnover and reduce lesions.
  4. Coal Tar and Salicylic Acid: Soften scales, ease itching, and help remove plaque buildup.

Phototherapy (Light Therapy)

  1. UVB Phototherapy: Uses controlled doses of artificial ultraviolet light to slow skin cell growth.
  2. PUVA (Psoralen + UVA): Combines UVA light exposure with psoralen medication to enhance light sensitivity, effectively reducing scales.

Systemic Medications

  1. Methotrexate and Cyclosporine: Oral immunosuppressive medications that help control severe psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis.
  2. Biologics (e.g., Adalimumab, Ustekinumab, Secukinumab): Target specific parts of the immune system responsible for inflammation.

Lifestyle Modifications

Looking for supplemental options to manage your psoriasis at home? Below, Dr. Beau DiCicco, our Chief Medical Officer, shares 7 dermatologist-approved tips to help better control flare-ups and improve your skin health.

  1. Moisturize Effectively
    “
Look for moisturizers with salicylic acid or urea to hydrate and gently exfoliate thick, scaly patches, keeping your skin smooth and calm.”
  2. Stress Management
    “Incorporate relaxation techniques like meditation or yoga to help reduce flare-ups.”
  3. Fuel Your Body with the Right Foods
    “A general rule of thumb is to avoid high glycemic foods. Instead opt for a balanced diet rich in healthy fats and proteins to help reduce inflammation.”
  4. Exercise
    “A regular exercise routine can manage weight and lower inflammation.”
  5. Smoking Cessation and Alcohol Reduction
    “Both can trigger or worsen psoriasis symptoms.”
  6. Try Tar Shampoos for Scalp Relief
    “Tar-based shampoos can be effective by promoting healthy growth of skin and discouraging the skin growth dysfunction seen in psoriasis (i.e. less flakes and scales in your hair) while dually calming the over-active immune system in the skin.”
  7. Sun Safely
    “5-10 minutes (only) of daily exposure on affected areas can improve psoriasis, just be sure to wear SPF to protect your skin from harmful UV rays.”

“As always, partnering with a dermatologist early on can save you time and frustration, while helping you find the best treatment for your psoriasis—there’s no need to go it alone,” shares DiCicco.”

Learn More: Explore the various treatments available to smooth skin and eliminate psoriasis at The Dermatology Specialists.

Click here to book an appointment with Dr. DiCicco.

Psoriasis in Men and Women

While psoriasis can affect anyone regardless of gender, there are some nuances:

  • Men: Often experience more severe forms of plaque psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis can be more common.
  • Women: Hormonal fluctuations (e.g., pregnancy, menopause) may influence the severity and frequency of flare-ups.

Regardless of gender, an individualized approach is key to effectively managing psoriasis and minimizing its impact on daily life.

Common Questions About Psoriasis

  1. Is Psoriasis Contagious?
    • Answer: No, psoriasis is not contagious and cannot be spread through contact.
  2. What Triggers Psoriasis Flare-Ups?
    • Answer: Stress, infections (like strep throat), skin injuries, medications, and lifestyle factors can trigger flare-ups.
  3. Can Diet Affect Psoriasis?
    • Answer: While no specific diet can cure psoriasis, a balanced diet low in processed foods and high in fruits and vegetables may reduce inflammation.
  4. Is There a Cure for Psoriasis?
    • Answer: Psoriasis is a chronic condition with no known cure. However, effective treatments can help control symptoms and improve quality of life.
  5. How Long Do Treatments Take to Show Results?
    • Answer: It varies by treatment, but most patients see improvement within a few weeks to a couple of months.

For more details about psoriasis, read our blog post, What Is Psoriasis and How Do We Treat It?

When to Consult a Dermatologist About Psoriasis

If you experience persistent red, scaly patches of skin that do not improve with over-the-counter treatments, or if psoriasis is interfering with your quality of life, it’s time to consult a dermatologist. Early and appropriate treatment can prevent complications such as psoriatic arthritis and reduce the psychological impact of the condition. At The Dermatology Specialists, our experienced team will create a personalized treatment plan to help you effectively manage psoriasis.

Conclusion

Psoriasis can be a challenging skin condition, but understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options can make a significant difference. By partnering with skilled dermatologists and adopting beneficial lifestyle habits, you can manage psoriasis and regain control over your skin’s health.

Additional Resources

For more information about psoriasis, its causes, symptoms, and treatments, check out these trusted resources:

  1. National Psoriasis Foundation: What Is Psoriasis?
  2. American Academy of Dermatology: Psoriasis Resource Center
  3. Mayo Clinic: Psoriasis
  4. MedlinePlus: Psoriasis

Schedule Your Consultation Today

Don’t let psoriasis control your life. Contact The Dermatology Specialists today to schedule an appointment with one of our board-certified dermatologists. Whether you’re seeking the best psoriasis treatment or looking to understand more about this chronic skin condition, we’re here to help.

With over 50 offices across New York City, Long Island, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, we make it easy for you to receive the high-quality dermatological care you deserve.

If you found this article useful, please share it to help your friends and family understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for psoriasis. At The Dermatology Specialists, we’re dedicated to helping you and your loved ones achieve healthier, more comfortable skin.